World Lung Cancer Day: Is smoking the sole cause of lung cancer? 9 myths busted

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Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, leading to a serious health condition that impacts breathing and overall lung function. Globally, lung cancer affects over 2 million people annually, making it one of the most common and deadly cancer types. Despite its prevalence, lung cancer is mired in several myths. One common misconception is that smoking is the sole cause of the disease. While smoking is a major risk factor, lung cancer can also occur in non-smokers due to other factors like genetics and long-term pollution exposure. To debunk such myths about lung cancer and gain a better understanding of this serious and life-threatening condition, read on.

What is lung cancer and what are its symptoms?

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and form tumours, disrupting normal lung function. It is a serious health issue that can cause severe harm and death. Symptoms of lung cancer can include:

Persistent cough

Chest pain

Shortness of breath

Coughing up blood

Other signs may also include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and recurring respiratory infections. As the disease progresses, symptoms may worsen, causing severe discomfort and affecting overall health.

What are common myths and facts about lung cancer?

If not treated on time, lung cancer can be fatal. Here, we have debunked 9 common myths about lung cancer and stated the facts.

Myth 1: Only smokers get lung cancer

Fact: One of the most prevalent myths is that lung cancer only affects smokers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), while smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and is responsible for approximately 85 percent of cases, non-smokers can also develop the disease. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explains that about 10-20 percent of lung cancer cases occur in people who never smoked or have smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lives. Every year, around 7,300 deaths from lung cancer occur among people who do not smoke or those who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Apart from this, factors such as genetics, radon gas, and environmental pollutants can contribute to the risk of developing lung cancer.

Myth 2: Lung cancer is a disease for the elderly

Fact: Another common misconception is that lung cancer only affects older adults. Although a study published in Oncology Letters reveals that the majority of lung cancer cases are diagnosed in people over the age of 65, the disease can and does affect younger individuals. The risk of developing lung cancer increases with age, but younger people can also be diagnosed, particularly if they have other risk factors such as a family history of the disease or significant exposure to carcinogens.

Myth 3: If you have smoked for years, you cannot prevent lung cancer

Fact: "While smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, quitting smoking at any stage can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease," explains Oncologist Dr Viraj Lavingia. The body begins to repair itself almost immediately after quitting, and the risk of lung cancer decreases over time. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding exposure to environmental toxins, can further reduce the risk. Even for long-term smokers, quitting smoking is the best decision.

Myth 4: If you have lung cancer, quitting is pointless

Fact: One of the most damaging myths is that quitting smoking after a lung cancer diagnosis is pointless. In reality, quitting smoking anytime can improve the health of your lungs and it can also help in treatments and potentially slow the progression of the disease. So, even if you are already diagnosed, quit smoking now!

Myth 5: Breathing in talcum powder increases lung cancer risk

Fact: Many people believe that accidentally breathing in talcum powder is a significant cause of lung cancer. However, no strong link has been found between talcum powder and lung cancer. "The primary risk factors for lung cancer remain smoking and exposure to carcinogens like asbestos," says Dr Lavingia.

Myth 6: Antioxidant supplements protect against lung cancer

Fact: Many people believe that taking antioxidant supplements can prevent or cure lung cancer. However, there is no study to support this benefit. Instead of a high-antioxidant diet, focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables to improve your lung health and reduce the risk of cancer.

Myth 7: Lung cancer is always fatal

Fact: The notion that lung cancer is always fatal is not true. Some types of lung cancer can be considered cured if they are diagnosed before they spread. However, cure is not the word that doctors use for cancer. If you have been in remission or have no evidence of disease (NED) for five years or more, you might be considered cured. As per Cancer Research UK, 65 percent of people with stage 1 lung cancer may survive, while only 5 percent of people with stage 4 lung cancer may survive. However, with advanced treatment, the rate of improvement is increasing.

Myth 8: Smoking E-cigarettes is safe

Fact: Many assume that e-cigarettes are a safe alternative to traditional smoking. However, e-cigarettes still expose users to harmful chemicals and may increase the risk of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to a study published by Neurotoxicity Research. While they are less harmful than cigarettes, they are not without risk and should not be considered a completely safe option.

Myth 9: You will definitely develop lung cancer if there is a family history

Fact: While having a family history of lung cancer can increase your risk, it does not guarantee that you will develop the disease. "Genetics play a role, but other factors such as smoking and exposure to carcinogens are significant contributors. Many people with a family history of lung cancer never develop it, while those without such a history can still be diagnosed," says the expert.

So, stop believing these lung cancer myths and get proper information about this serious disease!