Kidney disease often does not receive the same level of attention as other health issues, such as cancer or heart disease. In its initial stages, kidney disease frequently presents no symptoms; however, medical professionals caution that certain indicators should not be overlooked. These include ongoing fatigue, swelling in the extremities, alterations in urination habits, and unexplained shortness of breath, all of which may signal potential kidney problems.

In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Asheesh Malhotra, a senior consultant in nephrology at Yatharth Hospital in Noida Extension, emphasized, “The kidneys are essential for filtering waste, regulating fluid balance, and supporting overall health. Unfortunately, kidney disease can advance without noticeable symptoms, with signs typically emerging only in later stages. Identifying early warning signs is vital for preventing severe complications.”

Early symptoms of kidney disease

Dr. Jayant Kumar Hota, a senior nephrology consultant at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, informed HT Lifestyle that symptoms such as back pain, nausea, elevated blood pressure, and itchy skin may suggest a decline in kidney function. Individuals at greater risk—including those with diabetes, hypertension, a family history of kidney disease, or those aged over 60—should exercise heightened caution.

Timely identification and management of kidney issues can mitigate complications and enhance health outcomes. If you have concerns regarding your kidney health, Dr. Asheesh Malhotra has identified several early warning signs of kidney problems to monitor:

⦿ Chronic fatigue – A buildup of toxins in the bloodstream due to diminished kidney function can lead to feelings of weakness and exhaustion.

⦿ Alterations in urination – An increase in urination frequency, foamy urine (indicative of protein leakage), or the presence of blood in urine may signal kidney dysfunction.

⦿ Swelling (edema) – Fluid retention in the ankles, feet, or hands may indicate compromised kidney function.

⦿ Ongoing itching and dry skin – An imbalance in minerals and the accumulation of waste can result in skin irritation.

⦿ Decreased appetite and nausea – The buildup of waste products in the body can negatively impact digestion.

⦿ Muscle cramps – Imbalances in electrolytes, particularly low calcium or elevated phosphorus levels, may lead to muscle discomfort.

⦿ Sleep disturbances – The accumulation of toxins may interfere with normal sleep patterns.

When to get tested for kidney issues

Dr. Jayant Kumar Hota emphasized the critical role of early intervention in managing kidney health. He noted that through consistent monitoring and lifestyle modifications, it is possible to maintain kidney function, thereby postponing or potentially preventing serious complications such as kidney failure. He stated, “It is vital to seek medical assessment if symptoms develop or if risk factors are present. Proactive healthcare contributes to improved long-term outcomes, highlighting the necessity of awareness and timely measures to protect kidney health. Testing is essential for early identification.”

He further explained, “A blood test that assesses the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) provides insights into kidney function, while a Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR) test identifies protein leakage, which is an early indicator of kidney damage. Being aware of these signs and participating in timely screenings can help avert the progression of kidney disease.”

Dr. Asheesh Malhotra outlined several situations in which individuals should consider undergoing testing for kidney-related issues:

⦿ If you have hypertension, diabetes, or a familial predisposition to kidney disease.

⦿ If you are experiencing ongoing or worsening symptoms as previously mentioned.

⦿ Regular blood and urine tests, including assessments of creatinine levels, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), and urine albumin, are effective in the early detection of kidney dysfunction.

Identifying kidney problems at an early stage can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications, including kidney failure. Should you observe any warning signs, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional without delay for appropriate evaluation and management.

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