World Kidney Day 2025: Annually, World Kidney Day is celebrated on the second Thursday of March. This year, it will take place on March 13, aiming to enhance awareness regarding kidney diseases and infections, as well as strategies for their prevention.

In a discussion with Lifestyle, Dr. Nikhil Bhasin, a consultant nephrologist and renal transplant physician at Wockhardt Hospitals in Mumbai Central, elaborated on chronic kidney disease, highlighted the early warning signs to be vigilant about, and provided preventive measures that individuals can adopt.

What is chronic kidney disease?

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive ailment characterized by the gradual decline of kidney function over time. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste, excess fluids, and toxins from the bloodstream, thereby maintaining the body's overall equilibrium. As CKD advances, this filtering capability diminishes, resulting in the accumulation of harmful substances within the body. CKD is categorized into five distinct stages, with the terminal stage referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which necessitates either dialysis or a kidney transplant. The condition is frequently attributed to underlying issues such as diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, underscoring the importance of early detection and management to mitigate its progression, as noted by Dr. Nikhil Bhasin.

Chronic kidney disease: Early warning signs

The manifestations of chronic kidney disease typically emerge gradually and may remain undetected during the initial phases. As the disease advances, individuals might encounter symptoms such as fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet (edema), increased urination (particularly at night), persistent itching, muscle cramps, nausea, and challenges with concentration. Additional signs may include elevated blood pressure, decreased appetite, and shortness of breath. In the later stages, chronic kidney disease can result in severe fluid retention, anemia, and metabolic disturbances. Given that symptoms often do not surface until considerable kidney damage has occurred, it is crucial to have regular check-ups and kidney function assessments for early detection, the nephrologist emphasized.

Chronic kidney disease: Risk factors

Dr Nikhil Bhasin noted that certain individuals face a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to others. Those with diabetes and hypertension are particularly vulnerable. Furthermore, individuals with a family history of kidney disease, obesity, cardiovascular conditions, or autoimmune disorders such as lupus are also at an elevated risk. While CKD is more prevalent among older adults, lifestyle choices—including smoking, unhealthy eating habits, and insufficient physical activity—can hasten kidney decline at any age. He also emphasized that individuals who use long-term pain medications or specific antibiotics without proper medical guidance may inadvertently cause harm to their kidneys.

Chronic kidney disease: Treatment

The physician noted that although there is currently no cure for this condition, it is possible to manage its progression through dietary changes and medical treatment. "The approach to treatment varies based on the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its underlying causes. Medications are utilized to regulate blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels, which can help mitigate kidney damage. Additionally, making dietary modifications, such as lowering sodium, potassium, and protein consumption, can alleviate the burden on the kidneys. In advanced cases, dialysis may be necessary to remove waste from the bloodstream, or a kidney transplant might be required," the nephrologist explained.

Chronic kidney disease: Prevention tips

• Maintaining stable blood sugar and blood pressure levels is essential and can be achieved through a well-balanced diet, consistent physical activity, and adherence to prescribed medications. 
• Ensuring adequate hydration, minimizing the consumption of salt and processed foods, refraining from excessive alcohol and tobacco use, and limiting the intake of over-the-counter pain relievers can safeguard kidney function. 
• A diet abundant in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins contributes positively to overall kidney health. 
• Routine health screenings, particularly for individuals at risk, facilitate early detection and prompt intervention, thereby decreasing the likelihood of kidney damage.

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