Screens have become an integral aspect of contemporary teenage life. Whether for academic purposes or social media engagement, adolescents today exhibit a greater susceptibility to screen addiction than in previous generations. In a discussion, Urvashi Musale, a child and adolescent behavioral expert and founder of ProParent, stated, “Screen addiction is a behavioral addiction characterized by excessive and compulsive use of digital devices, despite negative consequences. It can manifest in various ways.”

Impact of screen addiction in teenagers

Obsessive thoughts: A persistent fixation on screens and an overwhelming urge to use them.

Withdrawal symptoms: Feelings of anxiety, irritability, or depression when access to devices is restricted.

Neglecting responsibilities: Favoring screen time over essential duties, such as academic work, school commitments, or personal relationships.

Tolerance: The necessity to increase screen time to attain the same level of gratification.

The many ill-effects of screen use on teen’s mental health:

Escapism and emotional regulation:

Screens frequently act as a refuge from real-life challenges and emotional distress. Relying on screens to alleviate negative emotions can impede the development of effective emotional coping strategies.

Social isolation and loneliness:

Extended screen time may result in social isolation, as individuals might choose virtual interactions over in-person relationships. This can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection from real-world social networks, potentially intensifying symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Sleep disruption:

Engaging with screens, especially before sleep, can interfere with the body's natural circadian rhythms due to the blue light emitted by devices. Excessive screen exposure can induce heightened arousal, stress, and alterations in brain chemistry, adversely affecting mental energy and development. Sleep deprivation is closely associated with mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder.

Anxiety and FOMO (fear of missing out):

Continuous interaction and communication via screens can exacerbate anxiety, as individuals worry about missing events or updates. The compulsion to remain active on social media platforms can elevate anxiety levels significantly.

Attention deficit and impulsive behaviour:

Addiction to screens is linked to diminished attention spans and heightened impulsivity. These cognitive challenges can lead to increased anxiety and frustration.

Cyberbullying and online harassment:

High levels of screen usage can make individuals vulnerable to cyberbullying and online harassment, which can have serious implications for mental health.

Comparison and self-esteem issues:

Social media encourages users to compare themselves with others, fostering feelings of inadequacy. This constant comparison often results in low self-esteem and negative body image.

Dopamine dysregulation:

Screens, especially social media, stimulate dopamine release in the brain, creating a cycle of reward-seeking behavior. Over time, this can result in addiction-like tendencies and withdrawal symptoms when screens are unavailable.

Reduced physical activity:

Screen addiction frequently leads to a sedentary lifestyle, which is linked to a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Regular physical activity is known to positively influence mental health, and its absence can lead to lethargy and reduced energy levels.

Hampered face-to-face social skills:

Excessive screen time can hinder the development of crucial face-to-face social skills, contributing to social anxiety and discomfort in interpersonal interactions.

Cognitive decline:

Extended screen addiction may result in cognitive decline, particularly among older adults, thereby increasing the likelihood of mental health challenges.

Disrupted circadian rhythms:

Prolonged screen usage can interfere with the body's natural circadian rhythms, impacting mood regulation and worsening mental health conditions.

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