Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. Factors such as genetics, aging, and lifestyle significantly influence the onset of this disorder. Notably, research indicates that smoking is a contributing factor to the development of Alzheimer’s.

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Aashka Ponda, a consultant neuro-physician at Bhailal Amin General Hospital in Vadodara, explained, “Cigarettes contain harmful substances like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde that adversely affect brain function. Nicotine is particularly addictive and can lead to long-term brain impairment by overstimulating neurotransmitter activity. This overstimulation disrupts the balance of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for learning and memory. Additionally, carbon monoxide diminishes the oxygen supply to the brain. Continuous exposure to both nicotine and carbon monoxide may elevate the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.”

The many harmful effects of tobacco consumption:

The detrimental effects of tobacco use are extensive: “When tobacco smoke is metabolized, it produces free radicals that inflict cellular damage. The brain, due to its high oxygen requirements and limited antioxidant defenses, is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. In individuals with Alzheimer’s, oxidative stress significantly contributes to the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques, which are toxic protein aggregates that disrupt neural communication and lead to neuronal death,” the neuro-physician further elaborated.

Understanding the impact of tobacco on overall health is essential. Dr. Aashka Ponda also noted, “Smoking causes vascular damage by promoting atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow to the brain. This vascular impairment can result in small strokes, further compromising cognitive function.”

Smoking and chronic inflammation:

The neuro-physician emphasized the role of tobacco in promoting inflammation within the body, stating, "Cigarette smoking elevates blood pressure and fosters chronic inflammation of the blood vessels, increasing their vulnerability to rupture or obstruction. Inflammation serves as the body's inherent reaction to injury or harmful agents; however, when it becomes persistent, it can result in lasting damage. Smoking induces inflammation across the entire body, including the brain. Additionally, it impacts the blood-brain barrier, which functions as a protective filter against harmful substances entering the brain."

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