Historically, it has been customary for men to earn more than women, a situation that provided a sense of comfort within patriarchal societies. However, contemporary financial dynamics within marriages have evolved, allowing women to surpass their husbands in earnings. A recent study has explored this phenomenon, revealing that the shifting financial roles can adversely affect the mental health of couples, particularly that of men.

Women outearn men

The trend of women out-earning men is on the rise, with significant implications for male self-esteem. Research indicates that this pattern is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, particularly in nations such as the United States and Sweden, where there has been a 25% increase since the early 2000s. Prior to this, there had been a lack of studies examining the psychological effects of this transition.

Researchers from the University of Durham conducted an investigation involving heterosexual couples in Sweden, specifically those who married in 2021 and had an average age of 37. Over a decade-long observation period, or until divorce—which occurred in approximately 20% of cases—the study uncovered a concerning trend. When wives earned more than their husbands, both partners experienced mental health challenges, with men being particularly affected.

The findings indicated that the likelihood of receiving a mental health diagnosis rose by 8% among the couples studied, with an 11% increase specifically for men. Substance use disorders were the most frequently diagnosed issues among husbands, while wives tended to experience more stress-related conditions.

Influence on mental health

The relationship between income and mental health is generally positive; as income rises, individuals often enjoy improved mental well-being due to enhanced financial stability and a more comfortable lifestyle. However, when only the wife's income is taken into account, this relationship becomes detrimental, negatively affecting men's mental health.

This indicates that income is not solely a matter of financial security but also involves the dynamics of power within relationships. When their wives earn more, men may experience feelings of emasculation or diminished self-esteem. This sense of insecurity can lead to an increase in substance abuse.

Women, too, face mental health challenges, as they may perceive a lack of support from their partners. The study highlights that women frequently endure stress-related health issues.

The response to women earning higher incomes often stems from deeply rooted societal norms, which traditionally designate men as the primary earners while women are expected to fulfill caregiving or supportive roles.

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