An 18-year-old girl tragically died after an overdose of painkillers to relieve severe menstrual cramps. The incident took place on August 21 in the Pulivalam area of Trichy, Tamil Nadu. As per the reports, the adolescent girl used to experience severe period pain, and to deal with it, she took a significant amount of pills which led to an overdose. Shortly after, she began vomiting and was rushed to a local primary health centre by her parents. Although initially treated and sent home, she lost consciousness and was later admitted to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Hospital. Despite extensive treatment, the girl succumbed to complications from the overdose.

The incident highlights the dangers of self-medication, especially with the use of painkillers during period, and the need for proper medical consultation to address the underlying causes of severe period pain.

Risks of painkillers

Many women switch to painkillers to ease pain during periods. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and acetaminophen are commonly used to manage cramps. However, excessive use of these medications can lead to various health risks. Here they are:

1. Gastrointestinal issues

One of the most common side effects of overusing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen is gastrointestinal problems. This can result in discomfort, ulcers, constipation, diarrhea, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), or, in severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding, reveals a study published in StatPearls. "While NSAID is sometimes advisable to deal with pain, exceeding the recommended dosage can exacerbate these symptoms, potentially leading to life-threatening complications," explains gynecologist Dr Vaishali Sharma.

An overdose of painkillers may lead to digestive problems! Image courtesy: Adobe Stock

2. Liver and kidney damage

Painkiller medicines should not be used without the advice of a doctor. Acetaminophen, found in medications such as Tylenol, is the most common over–the–counter pain medicine that is linked to kidney damage, as per a study published by the National Kidney Foundation. This can increase the risk of kidney disease, especially if you have pre-existing kidney conditions or are dehydrated. In fact, it can also overwhelm the liver, potentially leading to liver damage or failure.

3. Cardiovascular risks

Apart from gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney issues, regular use of NSAIDs may also contribute to cardiovascular issues, including an elevated risk of heart attack and stroke. A study published by Cureus states that painkillers such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ketoprofen can be linked with increased high blood pressure (BP), congestive heart failure and palpitations. This risk is higher in those with pre-existing heart conditions or high BP. NSAIDs can also cause fatigue, insomnia and headache.

Can an overdose of painkillers be life-threatening?

Yes, an overdose of painkillers can be life-threatening. A study published in StatPearls reveals that if taken in large amounts, paracetamol medication may cause severe liver damage leading to liver transplant or even death. Acetaminophen painkiller is also proven to be more serious and fatal in adults. The same study states that most cases of acute NSAID overdose are asymptomatic or develop insignificant self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms.

However, serious complications may occur and include:

• Confusion
• Headache
• Nystagmus
• Drowsiness
• Blurred vision
• Diplopia
• Tinnitus
• Convulsions

• Metabolic acidosis

• Acute renal

• Liver failure

• GI bleeding

• Coma

Therefore, if an overdose is suspected, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications or death. Also, always follow dosing instructions and consult a healthcare provider before popping any painkiller.

Causes of severe period pain

Severe period pain is something many women face, and it can make those days each month really tough. Look at some common causes of severe period pain:

1. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

PMS happens before your period starts and can cause symptoms like cramps, mood swings, and headaches. It is caused by hormonal imbalances leading up to menstruation.

2. Primary dysmenorrhea

This is the most common reason for painful periods. It is due to contractions in the uterus that help shed the uterine lining. These cramps can start just before or at the beginning of your period.

3. Uterine fibroids

These are non-cancerous growths in the uterus. They can cause heavy bleeding and intense pain during periods, depending on their size and location, along with symptoms such as lower back pain, pelvic pressure, and frequent urination.

Uterine fibroids may cause more vaginal pain and even menstrual bleeding. Image courtesy: Adobe Stock

4. Endometriosis

"This condition occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. While this abnormal growth is not cancerous, it can lead to severe menstrual cramps and heavy periods," says Dr Sharma.

5. Adenomyosis

Similar to endometriosis, adenomyosis involves the uterine lining growing into the muscle wall of the uterus. This can lead to heavy, painful periods. But remember that it does not always cause symptoms so if you experience intense period pain, consult with a gynecologist.

6. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular periods and painful cramps. Women with PCOS often have higher levels of androgens, leading to problems like acne, weight gain, and excess hair growth.

7. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

It is a female reproductive organ infection, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. It can lead to chronic pelvic pain, including painful periods. Not only this, PID also causes symptoms such as pain during sex, pain when urinating, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

8. Intrauterine device (IUD)

Not always but during the first few months after insertion, especially a copper IUD, some women may experience intense cramps during the period. However, the pain decreases over time. If it causes a lot of pain, consult with your doctor to control it.

9. Cervical stenosis

This condition involves a narrowing of the cervix, which can block menstrual flow and lead to painful periods. It can also lead to symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, missed or no periods, and infertility.

10. Ovarian cysts

These fluid-filled sacs can form on the ovaries, sometimes causing sharp pain during periods, bloating, and irregular periods. While many cysts are harmless, in some cases, they may rupture and become too large.

Precautions with painkillers

Here are 5 important tips to remember when using painkillers for menstrual cramps:

1. Follow dosage instructions

"Always stick to the recommended dosage on the label or as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Taking more than advised can lead to unwanted side effects and long-term health problems," advises Dr Sharma.

2. Limit duration of use

Painkillers are meant for short-term relief. If you need medication for more than a few days each month, it is wise to consult a healthcare professional. Persistent pain might indicate an underlying issue that needs attention.

3. Be aware of underlying health conditions

If you have health conditions like liver disease, kidney problems, or cardiovascular issues, be extra cautious with pain relievers. Always check with your doctor to ensure the medication is safe for your specific health situation.

4. Avoid mixing medications

Combining different pain relievers can be very risky. For instance, taking NSAIDs and acetaminophen together can elevate the risk of liver and kidney damage. If one medication is not effective, consult your doctor instead of adding another.

Avoid mixing or taking too many painkillers. Image courtesy: Freepik

5. Monitor for side effects

"Be alert to any unusual symptoms or side effects while taking painkillers. If you experience any reactions, such as severe stomach pain or unusual bleeding, seek medical advice promptly," says the expert.

How to manage menstrual cramps naturally?

If you are looking to manage menstrual cramps without using painkillers, here are 6 tips you may use:

1. Heat therapy

Applying a heating pad or hot water bottle to your lower abdomen can help relax uterine muscles and alleviate cramping. "It helps improve blood flow and can provide instant relief from period pain," explains gynecologist Dr Juhi Patel.

2. Regular exercise

Engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce menstrual cramps. Exercise increases blood circulation and stimulates the release of endorphins, which act as natural painkillers.

3. Dietary changes

Adjusting your diet can have a positive impact on menstrual pain. Reducing the intake of caffeine and sugar while incorporating anti-inflammatory foods like ginger, turmeric, and fatty fish can help lessen discomfort.

4. Herbal remedies

Certain herbal remedies may provide relief from cramps. Drinking teas such as chamomile or ginger tea, or consuming fennel seeds, can have soothing effects and reduce pain.

5. Stress management

Managing stress is crucial for overall well-being and can help ease menstrual cramps. "Practices such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises can help relax your body and mind, potentially reducing pain," says Dr Patel.

6. Acupuncture and acupressure

Some women also find relief from menstrual cramps through acupuncture or acupressure. These methods involve stimulating specific points in the body to improve energy flow and reduce pain, according to a study published by the journal Medicine.

By incorporating these alternatives, you may find relief from period pain!

Read Also: Facing extreme weight loss? The deadly cachexia disorder may be behind it