Male infertility refers to the inability to achieve conception due to factors associated with the male partner. This condition may arise from issues related to sperm quality, sperm count, or other male-related factors that influence fertility.

Causes of male infertility

In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Teena Thomas, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Natus Women and Children Hospital, indicated that male infertility can stem from various factors, including:

• Sperm quality and quantity: A sufficient sperm count and high-quality sperm are crucial for successful conception. These attributes can be either naturally favorable or unfavorable, influenced by an individual's lifestyle choices and exposure to certain occupational hazards.
• Medical conditions and diseases: Various medical issues, such as infections, hormonal imbalances, diabetes, or genetic disorders, can hinder sperm production and functionality.
• Post-surgical and post-cancer effects: Surgical procedures, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy can adversely affect sperm production and overall reproductive health.

Age and the rising trend of male infertility

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in cases of male infertility. Dr. Teena Thomas noted, “Historically, this condition was more prevalent among older men, but we are now seeing a growing number of younger men being diagnosed with fertility challenges. This shift has led to a significant increase in patients seeking assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.”

When to see a doctor and available treatments

Dr. Teena Thomas recommends the following:

• Diagnostic Assessments: A semen analysis serves as the initial step in evaluating sperm count and quality.
• Physical and Sexual Health Issues: Conditions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation should be assessed by a urologist.
• Medical Conditions and Infertility Post-Treatment: Individuals who have received cancer treatments, radiation, or surgeries, as well as those with diabetes, should seek advice from a specialist to discuss potential treatment options.
• Advanced Interventions: In instances of azoospermia (zero sperm count), medical procedures can facilitate the extraction of viable sperm for assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.

Myths around male infertility

• Infertility is solely a female problem.
• Male infertility is not influenced by age.
• Testosterone supplements enhance male fertility.
• There are no treatment options available for male infertility.

At any point, whether dealing with sperm-related issues or sexual health concerns, it is essential to consult an andrologist or urologist for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

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