Seasonal transitions frequently lead to variable weather patterns and an elevated risk of illnesses, especially among children. These changes can result in an increase in pediatric health issues such as common colds and fevers, which may subsequently cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and diminished energy levels.

Regrettably, the importance of hydration is often neglected during these health challenges, which can significantly hinder recovery. It is essential to recognize the relationship between hydration, immune function, and recovery in order to effectively support children facing these health issues.

Dehydration and its impact on immunity

In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Prof Dr NL Sridhar (MD Paediatrics, LLB, Professor at the Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad; Director of NEO BBC Hospital, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad; and practicing at Safe Children’s Clinic, Namalagundu Junction, Seethaphalamandi, Secunderabad) stated, “Dehydration occurs when the body expels more fluids than it consumes, leading to an imbalance of vital electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. These electrolytes are crucial for sustaining cellular functions, nerve signaling, and muscle contractions.”

He further noted, “Children, due to their higher body surface area relative to their volume, tend to lose more fluids through their skin when experiencing a high fever. Young children often find it difficult to express their thirst or to drink adequate amounts of water independently, which can lead to dehydration. When dehydration occurs, a child's immune system may become compromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Signs of dehydration include a dry mouth, dark urine, lethargy, and dizziness. If these symptoms persist, it is important to seek advice from a healthcare professional promptly.”

How seasonal illnesses lead to dehydration

Dr. NL Sridhar stated, “With the onset of seasonal transitions, children frequently experience non-diarrheal illnesses such as fever, viral infections, and nausea. The presence of fever leads to increased sweating and fluid loss, while nausea and vomiting diminish fluid and food intake. This combination results in deficits of fluids, electrolytes, and energy, which can considerably hinder recovery.”

• Fever: An elevation of just one degree Celsius in body temperature can result in a 10% increase in fluid loss, contributing to dehydration.
• Poor Appetite: Illness often results in diminished food consumption, leading to insufficient carbohydrates, which serve as the body's primary energy source.

In the absence of sufficient hydration and energy restoration, the body may resort to breaking down muscle proteins to fulfill energy requirements, resulting in fatigue and extended illness.

Highlighting role of fluid, electrolyte and energy (FEE) deficits in supporting recovery

To mitigate the effects of dehydration, it is crucial to prioritize the replenishment of fluids, electrolytes, and energy. Dr. NL Sridhar noted, “The Indian Academy of Pediatrics stresses the importance of keeping children well-hydrated during fever, as they may experience increased fluid loss. While water is vital, it may not adequately address the deficits in electrolytes and energy. Furthermore, parents often encourage their children to consume natural fluids such as coconut water and homemade clear soups. However, these homemade options may sometimes be inappropriate due to variations in electrolyte content, preparation mistakes, and insufficient rehydration.”

He proposed that ready-to-drink formulations featuring a scientifically optimized blend of electrolytes and energy are especially advantageous, as they guarantee uniform quality and flavor. Micronutrients such as copper, zinc, selenium, and Vitamin C are also essential for bolstering immune function and serving as antioxidants. Certain ready-to-drink options include electrolytes and micronutrients like zinc and selenium, which are recognized for their roles in enhancing hydration and immunity, thereby promoting quicker recovery from non-diarrheal illnesses. Furthermore, the ready-to-drink nature of these products offers convenience, allowing for consumption while on the move.

The Role of Electrolytes in Recovery

Dr. NL Sridhar emphasized that electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium are crucial for recovery during seasonal illnesses.

• Sodium plays a key role in fluid absorption and retention, which is vital for maintaining hydration
• Potassium is important for muscle function, particularly during periods of dehydration.
• Magnesium contributes to cellular repair and energy production, aiding the immune system in its recovery efforts

By replenishing these electrolytes, the body can effectively address illnesses and prevent prolonged recovery times.

The Importance of Timely Intervention

Timely recognition and management of dehydration and energy deficits can greatly enhance recovery in children. Dr. NL Sridhar noted, “Seasonal transitions pose distinct challenges to pediatric health, with dehydration and electrolyte imbalances being major concerns during non-diarrheal illnesses. Ensuring proper hydration, replenishing electrolytes, and maintaining sufficient energy intake are critical measures for supporting immunity and facilitating quicker recovery in children.”

He advised, “Choosing ready-to-drink fluids that contain electrolytes and micronutrients offers a practical and efficient approach to managing hydration and immunity during seasonal fluctuations. Parents should be alert to signs of dehydration and seek guidance from pediatricians for appropriate interventions. By emphasizing hydration and addressing energy requirements, we can better prepare children to face seasonal changes with resilience and optimal health.”

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