Have you ever felt discomfort or irritation in the vaginal area and questioned the potential causes? Vaginal infections are more prevalent than many people acknowledge, impacting women across various age groups. Symptoms such as itching, burning sensations, and abnormal discharge can significantly disrupt your intimate health and lead to feelings of unease. Additionally, you may observe redness and swelling around the vagina and vulva, experience a burning sensation during urination, and encounter discomfort during sexual activity. Although these infections are frequently treatable, it is crucial to comprehend the underlying factors that may increase your susceptibility to them.

Symptoms of vaginal infections

Here are some common symptoms of vaginal infections you should be aware of:

• Itchy or burning sensation in the vagina and vulva (often worse at night)
• Vaginal soreness and discomfort
• Thick, white vaginal discharge
• Changes in the colour or smell of the vaginal discharge
• Redness and swelling of the vagina and vulva
• A burning feeling when urinating
• Discomfort during sex
• Pain in the pelvis
• Chills and fever
• Light vaginal bleeding or spotting

If you experience any of these symptoms and they do not improve within a few days or get worse, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

10 common causes of vaginal infections

Here are some of the most common causes of vaginal infections you should know:

1. Poor hygiene

Ensuring proper hygiene is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. According to Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Dr. Kaishreen Khan, "Wearing damp or soiled undergarments, neglecting regular washing, or utilizing harsh soaps, douching, or products containing chemicals can disturb the natural equilibrium of beneficial bacteria, increasing the risk of infections for women." While inadequate hygiene is a prevalent factor contributing to vaginal infections, it is equally important to refrain from excessive washing, as this may result in irritation and disrupt the natural balance.

2. Excessive moisture

A warm and humid environment fosters the proliferation of bacteria and fungi, which can result in infections such as yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis. One contributing factor to vaginal infections is excessive moisture. Wearing tight clothing, synthetic underwear, and remaining in damp conditions—such as wet swimsuits or sweaty athletic wear—can also lead to infections in that area. It is essential to maintain dryness and to change into clean, breathable garments to avoid the accumulation of excess moisture.

3. Overwashing or excessive cleaning

Poor hygiene may lead to infections; however, over-washing with potent antibacterial soaps or frequent douching can eliminate beneficial bacteria, according to the Mayo Clinic. Dr. Khan states, "This can disturb the vaginal flora, which is a significant factor in the development of vaginal infections." The vagina has a self-cleaning mechanism, and excessive cleansing can deplete vital protective bacteria. A gentle wash with lukewarm water is sufficient for maintaining vaginal health.

4. Unprotected sex

Engaging in unprotected sexual activity heightens the likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which are major contributors to vaginal infections. Such infections may manifest through symptoms such as irritation, abnormal discharge, and discomfort. Notably, certain infections, including herpes and HPV, can be transmitted even in the absence of visible symptoms. Therefore, it is essential to adopt safe sex practices, including the use of condoms and reducing the number of sexual partners.

5. Say no to harsh chemical products

A considerable number of intimate washes, scented soaps, sprays, and douches contain a variety of chemicals that may interfere with the natural pH balance of the intimate area, potentially resulting in infections. The vagina is delicate and necessitates the use of products that are gentle and devoid of artificial fragrances or harsh chemicals.

6. Weak immune system

Stress, poor diet, and underlying health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, can weaken the body’s ability to fight infections. A weak immune system makes it harder to fend off harmful bacteria or fungi, resulting in vaginal infections.

7. Sharing personal hygiene products

Utilizing personal items such as towels, razors, or undergarments belonging to another individual can facilitate the transfer of bacteria and fungi, thereby heightening the risk of infections, including yeast infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs). This practice is a contributing factor to vaginal infections. It is essential to consistently use your own hygiene products to safeguard your health and prevent the spread of infections.

8. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels

Dr. Khan explains that women who have diabetes or insulin resistance face an increased likelihood of developing vaginal infections. This heightened risk is attributed to elevated glucose levels in urine and secretions, which serve as a nutrient source for bacteria. Maintaining blood sugar levels within a healthy range is essential for reducing the risk of infections, and consistent monitoring and management of diabetes are crucial for preserving overall health.

9. Swimming pool and hot tub exposure

Chlorine and various chemicals utilized in swimming pools and hot tubs can interfere with the natural pH balance of vaginal flora, potentially resulting in infections. Extended exposure to chlorinated water is a contributing factor to vaginal infections. Such exposure may lead to dryness in the vaginal area, increasing vulnerability to irritation and infections. To safeguard vaginal health, it is advisable to rinse off thoroughly after swimming and to limit the duration of time spent in pools or hot tubs.

10. Hormonal imbalance

"Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can trigger vaginal infections due to fluctuations in estrogen levels," according to Dr Khan. These hormonal shifts can alter the vaginal environment, making it more prone to yeast infections or bacterial imbalances. Manage your hormonal health through proper nutrition, hydration, and regular checkups.

Now you know the causes of vaginal infections, let us make understand ways to prevent it.

How to prevent vaginal infection?

Here are a few tips to prevent vaginal infections and keep intimate health in check:

• Clean the intimate area with water and avoid using harsh soaps or chemicals that can disturb the natural balance.
• Do not scrub too hard, as the area is delicate and sensitive.
• Always wipe from front to back to avoid transferring bacteria from the anus to the vagina.
• Avoid using chemical products like scented soaps or sprays, as they can irritate the skin.
• Wear cotton underwear, which allows the area to breathe and helps prevent moisture buildup.
• Loose-fitting clothes also help air circulation, reducing the risk of infection.
• Always change out of wet clothes or sweaty gym wear as soon as possible to prevent bacteria and yeast growth.
• Use condoms to reduce the risk of STIs and bacterial infections.
• Stick to doctor-recommended products with balanced pH levels for the best care.
• Limit the use of panty-liners, as they can trap moisture.
• Shaving or waxing should be done carefully to avoid microtears, as they may make the area more vulnerable to infections.
• Use clean tools and avoid frequent hair removal to reduce irritation.
• Lastly, eat a nutritious diet, hydrate properly, and exercise regularly to support your immune system and vaginal health.

By understanding the common causes of vaginal infections and taking preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of infections down there.

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