During perimenopause and menopause, a woman’s body experiences significant hormonal fluctuations. Although these hormonal fluctuations manifest as various health issues, their impact on the eyes is often neglected. In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Savitha Arun, director, medical superintendent, and senior consultant – anterior segment and electrophysiology, Nethradhama Super Speciality Eye Hospital, Bangalore stated, “Hormonal fluctuations during menopause greatly affect ocular health, mainly due to lower levels of estrogen and androgens. These hormonal changes lead to reduced tear production, resulting in dry eye symptoms like irritation, redness, a gritty feeling, and eye fatigue. ”

Menopause and dry eyes: How are they connected?

“The most prevalent eye issue is dry eye. Although glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can arise, they are not exclusively caused by menopause. These issues are frequently linked to oxidative stress and other factors associated with aging. Hormonal changes can play a role in these conditions but are not the exclusive cause. Dry eye, however, is often significantly worsened by hormonal changes associated with menopause,” Dr. Savitha Arun explained.

Things that can cause dry eyes:

“Dry eye typically arises from a mix of elements, such as hormonal shifts, diabetes, and environmental factors (such as dry air or prolonged screen exposure). There are systems for grading the severity (mild, moderate, severe), but pinpointing a single cause—like hormones—is clinically difficult, as various factors including lifestyle, diabetes, and environmental influences play a role in the condition,” the doctor emphasized.

Can changes in estrogen lead to eye issues?

Hormonal changes during menopause can result in glaucoma. “Changes in estrogen levels impact different eye tissues. Lower estrogen levels can heighten oxidative stress in the eye, possibly speeding up cataract formation. Estrogen might also affect intraocular pressure due to its function in the ciliary body, which relates to glaucoma risk,” the eye specialist stated.

Tips for staying safe:

• Maintain a nutritious lifestyle, incorporating a balanced diet abundant in antioxidants.
• Manage pre-existing conditions such as diabetes and obesity.
• Adhere to the 20-20-20 rule to alleviate eye strain caused by screen usage.
• Utilize protective eyewear whenever necessary.
• Explore treatments such as Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) for persistent dry eye.
• Take prescribed supplements including Vitamin D, Omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants.

Read Also: Beyond Water: Doctor’s 10 Essential Hydration Tips for Surviving Summer Heat

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