Infertility cases are rising regularly across the globe, with one in every 6 people getting affected by it, as per the data by the World Health Organization (WHO). The hopes of starting a family are often sabotaged by medical problems. One factor at play is the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels. These levels are a crucial marker for ovarian reserve and fertility. It helps determine how many eggs she has left to conceive. They are basically hormones that help predict the fertility of a woman. It is important to know all about the hormone and how to maintain optimum AMH levels.

What is the Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)?

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a crucial marker for ovarian reserve and fertility. AMH is produced by the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles and provides valuable insights into a woman's reproductive potential. AMH levels indicate the number of remaining eggs (ovarian reserve) a woman has. Generally, higher AMH levels suggest a larger ovarian reserve, while lower levels indicate a diminished reserve, poor poor-quality eggs (Oocytes). Women with PCOS have higher AMH than women without Polycystic Ovaries, found a study published in the International Journal of Medical Sciences. These levels gradually decline as the woman ages, with the highest levels typically seen in the early 20s, explains IVF specialist Dr Neha Yadav.

Anti-Müllerian hormone can lead to infertility. Image courtesy: Adobe Stock

How are AMH levels checked?

Your doctor will determine if testing AMH levels should be a part of your fertility assessment. These levels are checked with the help of a blood test. The levels are measured by taking a blood sample from a vein in your arm and sent to a lab where it undergoes analysis that helps determine the concentration of AMH in your blood. The test is typically done early during the menstrual cycle as hormone levels can fluctuate during your period.

While it can be tested as a part of the fertility analysis, it is not the only test that can help determine infertility. Your doctor will recommend more tests to understand the implications of your AMH levels.

According to the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the following AMH levels can help you understand the normal levels of this hormone:

• 45 years old: 0.5 ng/mL
• 40 years old: 1 ng/mL
• 35 years old: 1.5 ng/ mL
• 30 years old: 2.5 ng/mL
• 25 years old: 3.0 ng/mL

Women with PCOS may have high levels of this hormone, which can make it difficult for an egg to release from the ovary even if it's ready. This disrupts ovulation and affects your fertility.

When do you need to get an AMH test?

Women may need to get an AMH test if they have:

• Fertility problems: This test will help you find out if your egg supply is normal for your age and help you plan an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): If you experience symptoms of PCOS such as irregular menstrual periods, acne, too much hair, hair loss, weight gain, or dark patches on the skin, you should get your AMH levels checked.
• Ovarian cancer: This test can help determine if your treatment is working or whether the cancer has returned.

Can a woman conceive with Low AMH levels?

Having low AMH levels does not necessarily mean a woman cannot conceive naturally. Many women with low AMH have successful pregnancies, though it may take more time and effort. Factors such as age, overall health, and other fertility markers should also be considered. If you have low AMH, it is essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to explore all options and develop a personalized fertility plan, explains Dr Yadav.

How to increase AMH Levels?

While there is no guaranteed way to significantly increase the levels of this hormone, you can try some of these expert-approved lifestyle changes and interventions that may help:

1. Eat healthy

Certain foods have been shown to potentially support AMH production. These include:

• Whole grains
• Lean proteins
• Healthy fats through foods such as avocado, nuts, olive oil)ho
• Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables

2. Try supplements

Some supplements, such as coenzyme Q10, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids, may help improve AMH levels, but it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

3. Manage stress

Chronic stress can negatively impact fertility and AMH levels. In a study published in the American Journal of Managed Care, women with higher stress levels have lower ovarian reserve markers like AMH. Incorporating stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, or mindfulness practices may be beneficial.

4. Maintain a healthy weight

The higher your body mass index, the lower your AMH levels. Obese women had lower AMH levels as compared to women who were underweight or normal, found a study published in the journal Obesity. Maintaining a healthy body weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help support overall reproductive health and potentially influence AMH levels.

5. Avoid smoking and alcohol

Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can negatively impact AMH levels. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake can improve overall reproductive health.

6. Get adequate sleep

Getting sufficient sleep is essential for hormonal balance. Poor sleep can disrupt the endocrine system and potentially affect AMH levels. Several studies including the one published in the American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine found that sleep deprivation can lead to a decline in AMH levels.

7. Stay hydrated

Staying well-hydrated supports overall health, including reproductive health. Aim to drink plenty of water throughout the day.

Staying hydrated can help manage levels of Anti-Müllerian hormone. Image courtesy: Adobe Stock

8. Personalized fertility plan

Every woman's fertility journey is unique, and it's essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a personalised plan to address your specific needs and concerns. AMH levels along with other fertility markers, can provide valuable information for making informed decisions about specific fertility treatments and interventions.

9. Try yoga

Some studies suggest that regular yoga practice may help increase the levels of your hormones. The proposed mechanisms include:

• Reduces stress: Yoga has been shown to lower cortisol levels, which can positively impact reproductive hormones. A study published in the International Journal of Yoga found that practising yoga can help reduce stress and manage the symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• Improves blood flow: Certain yoga poses may enhance blood flow to the ovaries, potentially supporting follicle development and AMH production.
• Balances hormones: Yoga's holistic approach to wellness may help regulate the endocrine system and maintain hormonal equilibrium.

However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between yoga and AMH levels. Nonetheless, incorporating a regular yoga routine as part of a comprehensive fertility plan may be a beneficial complementary approach.

Conclusion

Understanding AMH levels and their impact on fertility is crucial for women planning to conceive. While low levels can be concerning, they do not necessarily mean the end of natural conception possibilities. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, managing stress, and exploring medical and complementary treatments, women can optimize their fertility potential.

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