Hyperpigmentation ranks among the most prevalent skin issues affecting numerous individuals. The presence of dull, uneven skin accompanied by dark spots can be particularly challenging to address. However, persistence is key, as this troublesome condition requires focused interventions. This may involve adjusting your skincare regimen to incorporate specific active ingredients, as well as seeking professional treatments.

Consulting with dermatologists can provide valuable insights into the underlying causes of hyperpigmentation and the available treatment options.

Causes of hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is classified based on its underlying causes, with different types emerging from various triggers. Dr Mikki Singh highlighted the following key types:

• Melasma: Characterised by symmetrical dark-brown patches primarily on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip, melasma is closely associated with hormonal fluctuations and sun exposure.
• Solar Lentigines (age spots or sunspots): Typically appearing as small, well-defined dark spots, these arise from cumulative sun exposure, usually in individuals over 40.
• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): PIH emerges after acne lesions, injuries, or inflammatory skin conditions, manifesting as uneven, patchy darkening in previously inflamed areas.

Additionally, Dr. Singh elaborated on the factors contributing to hyperpigmentation, stating, “Hyperpigmentation is characterized by an increase in skin pigmentation resulting from excessive melanin production by melanocytes, which can arise from various factors. The most prevalent cause is prolonged exposure to sunlight (UV radiation), as UV rays stimulate melanocytes to generate surplus melanin, resulting in dark patches or spots on the skin.”

“Hormonal changes, especially during pregnancy, menopause, or the use of oral contraceptives, often lead to a specific type of facial hyperpigmentation known as melasma, which typically appears symmetrically on areas such as the forehead, cheeks, upper lip, or nose. Another common form is post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs following skin injuries, acne flare-ups, inflammation, or cosmetic procedures like chemical peels or laser treatments, as a result of the skin's inflammatory response,” Dr. Singh continued.

In some instances, hyperpigmentation may be influenced by genetic factors. Dr. Singh noted, "Genetic factors and ethnic background play a significant role in an individual's susceptibility to hyperpigmentation, with those possessing darker skin tones generally being more vulnerable due to higher baseline levels of melanin and more reactive melanocytes.”

Treatments for hyperpigmentation

Dr. Dipti Dhillon, representing the beauty brand La Pink, recommended the inclusion of particular skincare actives recognized for their brightening and skin-renewing effects. These components assist in regulating melanin production, enhancing cell turnover, and gradually achieving a more uniform complexion.

Dr. Dhillon outlined key skincare products effective in addressing hyperpigmentation. The compilation features actives specifically aimed at treating hyperpigmentation, as well as essential items such as sunscreen. It is advisable to incorporate these into your skincare routine:

• Niacinamide: This versatile active not only minimises pigmentation but also strengthens the skin barrier and improves overall texture.
• Alpha arbutin: A gentle yet effective skin-brightening ingredient that slows melanin production, reducing dark spots without irritation.
• Licorice extract: Rich in glabridin, this botanical ingredient soothes the skin while preventing the formation of new pigmentation.
• Rosehip oil: Packed with essential fatty acids and Vitamin A, this ingredient nourishes the skin while promoting an even tone and natural radiance.
• AHAs (Glycolic & Lactic Acid): These exfoliating acids help remove dead skin cells, accelerating skin renewal and reducing hyperpigmentation over time.
• Turmeric extract: A natural brightening agent with anti-inflammatory benefits, it helps calm irritation and reduce dark spots for a luminous complexion.
• SPF (Sunscreen): No skincare routine for hyperpigmentation is complete without daily sun protection. UV rays can worsen pigmentation, making broad-spectrum

But not all hyperpigmentation can be treated with just a skincare routine, some cases may require professional intervention. Dr Mikki Singh added to the list some professional treatments for more stubborn pigmentation concerns:

• Laser therapy, including Q-switched lasers or fractional lasers, targets deeper pigmentation effectively, promoting even skin tone through the controlled removal of pigmented cells.
• Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) treatments are beneficial for superficial pigmentation like solar lentigines and photodamage-related pigmentation.

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