Thyroid disorders are prevalent during pregnancy, and if not addressed, they can have detrimental effects on both maternal and fetal health. In a discussion with, Dr. Tejas Gundewar, the chief fertility consultant at Ruby Hall Clinic, highlighted the long-term implications of thyroid disorders for expectant mothers and their children. He stated, "Children born to mothers with inadequately managed thyroid conditions may experience cognitive and developmental difficulties. Early diagnosis and effective management of thyroid disorders during pregnancy are crucial for ensuring favourable outcomes for both the mother and the infant."

The following are the types of thyroid disorders that may impact pregnant women:

Hypothyroidism:  

This condition arises when the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. During pregnancy, it can lead to complications such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and developmental challenges in the infant.

Hyperthyroidism:  

This condition occurs when the thyroid gland overproduces thyroid hormones. It can lead to complications including preterm labour, low birth weight, and potential heart problems in the infant.

Gestational thyroiditis:

This condition may arise during or shortly following pregnancy and is marked by inflammation of the thyroid gland. It has the potential to result in either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, which can adversely affect both maternal and fetal health.

Postpartum thyroiditis:

This condition manifests after childbirth and can lead to variations in thyroid hormone levels, generally resulting in temporary hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. It may influence breastfeeding and the emotional well-being of the mother. 

Impact of thyroid disorders on pregnancy outcomes:

"Proper thyroid hormone levels are essential for the development of the fetal brain. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can impede this critical process. If left untreated, thyroid disorders can pose serious health risks for pregnant women, including cardiovascular problems, extreme fatigue, and anaemia. Women with thyroid dysfunction are at a higher risk for complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and placental abruption," stated Dr. Tejas Gundewar. The physician emphasized the necessity of prompt medical intervention to mitigate the effects of thyroid disorders on both maternal health and fetal growth and development.

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