Coffee is one of the most beloved and widely consumed beverages that people prefer to drink in the morning. As per the World Population Review, people in the US typically consume about three cups of coffee daily. Its popularity is also rising in countries where chai has always been the go-to beverage. Coffee is often chosen for its ability to provide an immediate energy boost and combat morning sluggishness. Not only this, it is a significant source of antioxidants, which are one of the most essential nutrients. However, the debate continues: which is better—hot coffee or cold coffee?

Hot coffee vs cold coffee: Know the difference

While both hot coffee and cold coffee are some of the most beloved caffeinated beverages, they are quite different. Here's how:

1. Brewing process

“The main difference between hot and cold coffee lies in their brewing methods. Hot coffee is made by pouring boiling water or milk over ground coffee beans. The heat helps extract a full range of flavours, including rich oils and aromatic compounds, creating a rich, aromatic flavour,” explains nutritionist and certified diabetes educator Dr Archana Batra. In contrast, cold coffee is made with ground coffee, ice cubes, milk, and sugar (optional). Another method to prepare cold coffee includes brewing hot coffee and then chilling it quickly over ice or in the refrigerator. This method may take time.

2. Flavour

Hot coffee offers a rich, aromatic profile with deep, complex flavours due to heat extracting soluble compounds and oils from the beans. Cold coffee, however, is smoother, often less acidic, and generally similar in taste to hot coffee. Its flavour can be enhanced with additives like milk, cream, or flavoured syrups.

3. Temperature

The temperature significantly influences how your coffee will taste. Hot coffee is comforting and invigorating, which is especially enjoyed during cold weather. Cold coffee is refreshing and cooling, making it ideal for hot days. It is often enjoyed with ice or as part of a blended drink, such as a coffee smoothie or Frappuccino.

4. Caffeine content

“Caffeine levels in both types of coffee depend on the brewing technique and coffee to water or milk ratio. Hot coffee may have a higher concentration due to the longer brewing time,” says Dr Batra. The caffeine content also varies based on the amount of coffee used, so it is important to consider the specific preparation method and coffee type when comparing caffeine levels.

Hot coffee vs cold coffee: Which one is better?

Hot coffee is known for its plethora of health benefits. As per the American Chemical Society, hot coffee generally contains more antioxidants than cold brew, which helps fight oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially reducing the risk of certain diseases. The aroma of hot coffee, when freshly brewed, can have a calming effect and help reduce stress. Additionally, the warmth of hot coffee provides comfort, especially in cooler weather, and can help lift your mood. “Drinking a hot cup of coffee can not only be pleasant and comforting but it can also help boost energy and kickstart your day,” suggests Dr Batra.

On the other hand, cold coffee offers its own set of advantages. For those with sensitive stomach or those prone to acid reflux, cold coffee can be less irritating than drinking hot coffee. “It often has a lower caffeine content, making it a suitable choice for those who are sensitive to caffeine or looking to limit their intake,” explains Dr Batra. Moreover, cold coffee can be prepared quickly, making it convenient for busy lifestyles. This refreshing beverage is usually enjoyed on a hot day.

\Ultimately, the choice between hot and cold coffee largely depends on personal choice or taste, weather conditions, and health concerns. If you want to gain antioxidant benefits, stress relief, and a warm experience, hot coffee may be preferable. On the other hand, if you prioritise digestive comfort, lower caffeine levels, and something easy to prepare, cold coffee could be the better option. “Both types have their advantages and provide a caffeine boost but they offer distinct experiences due to differences in temperature and brewing methods. So it is about finding what aligns best with your lifestyle and health concerns,” says the expert.

How many cups of coffee should you drink in a day?

For healthy adults, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers up to 400 milligrams of caffeine per day—roughly four to five cups of coffee—to be generally safe and not likely to cause adverse effects. However, individual sensitivity to caffeine varies, as does the rate at which people metabolise it. Certain health conditions and medications can increase sensitivity to caffeine. If you are pregnant, trying to conceive, breastfeeding, or dealing with a health condition or medication, FDA advises to consult your healthcare provider about your caffeine consumption.

Signs of caffeine overconsumption

If you have had more caffeine than your body can tolerate, you might experience:

• Insomnia
• Jitters
• Anxiousness or restlessness
• Fast heart rate
• Anxiety
• Upset stomach
• Nausea or dizziness
• Headache
• A feeling of unhappiness (dysphoria)

If you notice these symptoms after drinking coffee, you may be sensitive to caffeine and should consider reducing your intake or avoiding caffeine altogether.

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