Hina Khan's struggle with breast cancer has taken a more challenging turn. The actress has announced to her followers that she is now experiencing mucositis, a condition characterized by the inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the mouth and the entire gastrointestinal tract. In disclosing this painful side effect of her chemotherapy treatment, the 36-year-old has reached out to her fans for effective remedies that may alleviate her discomfort. Below is an overview of the condition she is facing as a consequence of her breast cancer therapy.

Hina has been diagnosed with mucositis.  

Hina Khan has been actively updating her fans about her breast cancer treatment journey via her social media accounts. In a recent post, she stated, "Another side effect of chemotherapy is mucositis. While I am adhering to my doctor's recommendations for treatment, I would appreciate any suggestions from those who have experienced this or know of helpful remedies. It is quite difficult when eating becomes a challenge. Your assistance would be invaluable."

Hina provided another update, stating, "I am facing numerous challenges, and even eating has become painful. However, I refuse to adopt a negative mindset. I choose to maintain a positive outlook and uplift myself. I remind myself that this difficult period will eventually pass, and we will overcome it (InshaAllah). One smile at a time."

What is the current situation of Hina Khan?  

In June, Hina Khan was diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer. In a social media announcement, she expressed, "I have received a diagnosis of stage three breast cancer. Despite this daunting news, I want to assure everyone that I am managing well. I am resilient, determined, and fully dedicated to defeating this illness. My treatment has commenced, and I am prepared to do whatever it takes to emerge from this experience even stronger."

Since then, the actress has been bravely facing her battle and continues to keep her fans informed about her treatment journey. Recently, Hina mentioned that the side effects of chemotherapy have caused her to stop eating. For more information on mucositis, please continue reading.

What is mucositis?

Mucositis refers to the inflammation of the mucosa, which is the protective mucous membrane that lines the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract, extending from the mouth to the intestines. Mucous membranes are present in various cavities and canals throughout the body, but mucositis predominantly impacts the mucosa within the digestive system, particularly the oral mucosa. This condition is a common adverse effect associated with cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants (bone marrow transplants). Research published in Translational Cancer Research indicates that oral mucositis is one of the most significant side effects of cancer treatment, adversely affecting patients' quality of life.

How does chemotherapy induce mucositis?  

The mucosa serves as a protective barrier characterized by rapid cell turnover, enabling the mucous membranes to renew themselves and heal swiftly from injuries. Cancer therapies target rapidly dividing cells, which often include the mucosal cells. Consequently, treatments like chemotherapy can impair the existing mucosal cells and their capacity for replication and self-repair, as noted in a study published in Stat Pearls.

This condition typically impacts the mouth and the inner lining of the cheeks, rendering the mucous membranes more sensitive and susceptible to inflammation. It may result in the formation of mouth sores or white patches of pus within the oral cavity. According to a study in the Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, approximately 40 per cent of patients undergoing standard chemotherapy doses may experience this side effect. In contrast, those receiving high-dose chemotherapy face a 75 per cent increased risk, with the likelihood rising to 90 per cent for patients undergoing both chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Symptoms of mucositis

Mucositis causes inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, which can lead to several symptoms, including:

• Burning or pain in the mouth or throat
• Inflamed and swollen mucous membranes
• Painful ulcers or lesions in the mouth or throat
• Dry mouth
• Difficulty swallowing
• Bleeding in gums or mucous membranes
• Bad breath due to sores or infections
• Changes in taste

You may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms, including:

• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Painful bowel movements
• Blood or mucous in poop
• Redness or erythematous mucosa

Treatment options for Mucositis

Mucositis is expected to resolve naturally following the completion of your cancer treatment.

Typically, mucositis arises one to two weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy and may subside within one to six weeks thereafter.

In the case of radiation therapy, mucositis generally manifests two to three weeks post-treatment commencement and usually resolves two to four weeks after the conclusion of treatment. Although it is likely to heal independently, there are several strategies you can employ to facilitate a quicker recovery:

Pain management: The sores associated with mucositis can be quite painful. Utilizing topical anaesthetics or prescribed pain relief medications can help alleviate discomfort, as recommended by your physician.

Maintain good oral hygiene: To minimize irritation and prevent infections, it is advisable to brush your teeth gently and use a non-alcoholic mouthwash.

Stay hydrated: Consuming ample fluids is essential to keep the mouth moist and assist with swallowing. Additionally, employing a humidifier can help reduce dryness.

Adjust your diet: It is prudent to avoid spicy, acidic, or coarse foods that may irritate the mucous membranes. Opting for soft, bland foods can make swallowing easier.

Utilize topical treatments: The application of protective agents, such as mucosal barriers or gels, can help shield the sores from further irritation.

Medication: Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications, such as corticosteroids, to help alleviate inflammation and pain.

Avoid irritants: It is important to steer clear of substances that may worsen symptoms, including tobacco and alcohol.

While these strategies may provide relief, it is advisable to consult with your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific situation, particularly if mucositis is severe or persistent.

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