In the last two days, eight instances of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) have been documented throughout India, with cases reported in Karnataka, Gujarat, Chennai, Salem, and Mumbai. As the infection rate increases, so does the apprehension regarding a possible outbreak. Initially identified in China earlier this year, hMPV is now making its way to other nations. This respiratory virus manifests symptoms akin to those of the common cold, such as sneezing, coughing, and mild fever. Although it can affect individuals of all ages, young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable to severe complications, including pneumonia and bronchitis. Given the escalating number of cases, it is imperative to implement preventive strategies to curb the transmission of hMPV. Understanding how to prevent hMPV is essential.

How to prevent hMPV?

As there is currently no vaccine available for human metapneumovirus, medical professionals concentrate on alleviating the symptoms. For mild cases, it is advisable to rest, stay hydrated, and utilize over-the-counter medications. In more severe instances, hospitalization or oxygen therapy may be required. Consequently, it is vital to prevent the virus's spread. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that individuals adhere to specific guidelines to mitigate the transmission of hMPV and other respiratory viruses, thereby lowering the risk of illness and safeguarding at-risk populations. Here are nine recommendations:

1. Wash hands frequently

One of the key strategies for preventing hMPV is to maintain proper hand hygiene. Washing hands with soap and water for a minimum of 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching communal surfaces, effectively eliminates harmful germs. When soap and water are unavailable, using a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60 percent alcohol serves as a suitable alternative.

Wash hands properly to remove all the germs. Image courtesy: Adobe Courtesy.

2. Avoid touching your face

The eyes, nose, and mouth serve as common entry points for viruses. It is essential to avoid touching your face, particularly with unclean hands or after coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or respiratory droplets. Such actions can facilitate the introduction of hMPV and other respiratory viruses into your body. Ensure that your hands remain away from your eyes, nose, and mouth, especially in public settings or after handling items in shared environments.

3. Cover your mouth while sneezing or coughing

When sneezing or coughing, droplets are expelled into the air, which may carry viruses such as hMPV. To mitigate the spread of these droplets, always cover your mouth with a tissue or the inside of your elbow. If you opt for a tissue, dispose of it promptly and wash your hands to prevent the transfer of the virus to other surfaces. This straightforward practice can significantly help in protecting those around you from respiratory infections.

4. Wear a mask around people

Wearing a face mask is one of the most effective measures to prevent hMPV transmission. A mask can capture respiratory droplets, thereby preventing their dispersion in the air and lowering the risk of virus transmission. This is especially crucial in crowded environments or when you are feeling unwell. Not only does it decrease the likelihood of you spreading the virus, but it also offers protection against airborne pathogens in public areas. Ensure that the mask adequately covers both your nose and mouth.

If you have to step out, do so with a mask on. Image courtesy: Freepik

5. Maintain distance from sick people

Infections such as hMPV are easily transmitted through close contact with infected individuals. By maintaining a physical distance from those exhibiting symptoms like coughing or sneezing, you can significantly lower your risk of exposure. It is equally important for individuals who are unwell to isolate themselves to prevent the spread of the virus. Aim to keep a distance of at least six feet to reduce the likelihood of encountering respiratory droplets.

6. Do not go to crowded areas

Locations with high foot traffic, including public transport stations, shopping centers, and social events, serve as prime environments for the spread of respiratory viruses. The close quarters with others heighten the chances of encountering droplets that may contain the virus. Whenever possible, steer clear of crowded areas, particularly during flu season or when respiratory infections are prevalent. This is a crucial guideline for preventing hMPV.

7. Avoid sharing things

The act of sharing personal belongings, such as drinks, utensils, or towels, can elevate the risk of virus transmission. Respiratory viruses can persist on surfaces for several hours, meaning that touching items used by others may expose you to the virus. To mitigate this risk, refrain from sharing personal items and encourage others to utilize their own belongings.

8. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces

Consistently disinfecting surfaces that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs, light switches, mobile devices, and countertops, is vital for understanding how to prevent hMPV. This practice is essential in curbing the spread of the virus. Since these surfaces can retain the virus for extended periods, frequent cleaning with a disinfectant effective against viruses can significantly diminish the risk of contamination.

Disinfect your house and keep it clean. Image courtesy: Adobe Stock.

9. Keep yourself hydrated

While hydration by itself may not avert hMPV, it remains a crucial recommendation for its prevention as it contributes to a robust immune system. Consuming sufficient water aids in keeping your body hydrated, thereby promoting overall health and creating an environment less conducive to viral proliferation. Additionally, proper hydration enhances respiratory function, which can further diminish the likelihood of viral infections.

By following these guidelines for hMPV prevention, you can lower your chances of infection!

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