Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been identified in cases across India. This virus is part of the Pneumoviridae family and is closely associated with the respiratory syncytial virus. HMPV primarily impacts the respiratory system, leading to a range of symptoms that can vary from mild to severe. Typical manifestations of HMPV infection include fever, fatigue, cough, nasal congestion, and respiratory distress.

What is the HMPV virus?

The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a prevalent respiratory virus that generally leads to mild symptoms resembling those of a common cold. Research indicates that it has been present in human populations since the 1970s, although it was first recognized by researchers in 2001. This virus is responsible for 4-16 per cent of acute respiratory infections worldwide, with incidence typically peaking from November to May. While the majority of adults have acquired immunity due to prior exposure, hMPV can result in more severe symptoms in infants experiencing it for the first time and in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Can HMPV affect the kidneys?

In a discussion with Lifestyle, Dr. B VijayKiran, a senior consultant nephrologist at the Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology in Siliguri, West Bengal, stated, “Recent anecdotal research has uncovered fascinating links between human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and renal health. A study conducted on hospitalized pediatric patients indicated that hMPV infection could be linked to acute kidney injury (AKI). The findings imply that the risk of AKI escalates with age, and the kidney damage may not be solely attributed to respiratory issues.”

Impact on immunocompromised patients

In transplant recipients, especially those who have undergone kidney and lung transplants, human metapneumovirus (HMPV) can lead to considerable morbidity. The use of immunosuppressive therapies may intensify the effects of the virus, potentially resulting in severe respiratory infections, a heightened risk of complications, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stated Dr B VijayKiran.

The physician recorded the symptoms associated with the infection. "Common clinical manifestations of a typical metapneumovirus infection include cough, fever, sore throat, nasal congestion, and wheezing."

Dr. B Vijay Kiran further emphasized, "Although direct renal damage is not widely reported, the systemic implications of the virus necessitate vigilant monitoring, particularly in populations at high risk."

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