The heart is a multifaceted organ that encompasses numerous enigmas. Previously, the nervous system of the heart was regarded merely as a relay mechanism, responsible for responding to signals from the brain to oversee and control heart rhythms. Nevertheless, research published in Nature Communications has revealed that the intricate network of neurons within the heart performs functions that extend beyond earlier perceptions.

Heart’s nervous system

Researchers from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden and Columbia University in New York have identified the heart's internal nervous system as the intracardiac nervous system. This system plays a significantly more active role than merely regulating heart rhythm. Previously, it was believed that the heart solely followed directives from the brain, which managed the heartbeat.

However, this innovative study revealed that the heart's nervous system operates with a greater degree of independence. It possesses the capability to generate its own rhythms and self-regulate beyond the influence of the brain. This indicates that the heart maintains a level of control that was not fully appreciated before, functioning almost as if it has its own distinct cognitive system. The brain does not oversee every aspect of the organ's functionality.

Neuron mimicks pacemaker

The researchers conducted an investigation on zebrafish, which possess heart structures and functions remarkably akin to those of humans. By concentrating on a critical region of the heart known as the sinoatrial plexus (SAP), recognized as the heart's pacemaker, the scientists identified a diverse array of neurons. These neurons utilize various neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin, suggesting a previously unappreciated level of local regulation over the heartbeat.

The researchers described their discovery of the pacemaker-like characteristics of these cardiac neurons as the most astonishing aspect of their study. These neurons generate rhythmic electrical signals, akin to the mechanisms by which the brain and spinal cord orchestrate movements such as walking and breathing.

This discovery implies that the nervous system of the heart does not merely respond to directives from the brain; rather, it plays an active role in regulating the heartbeat. This revelation is of considerable importance, as it paves the way for potential medical interventions, particularly for arrhythmias and other cardiac conditions while enhancing our comprehension of cardiac function.

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