Understanding the mechanics of your heart is essential for its protection. Heart valve diseases can interfere with blood circulation within the heart, potentially leading to severe complications if not addressed. Therefore, it is important to be informed about the causes and preventive measures associated with these conditions.

In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Bipeenchandra Bhamre, a Consultant Cardiac Surgeon at Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre in Mumbai, stated, “The heart valves are a vital component of your heart's structure. There are four primary valves: the mitral valve, aortic valve, tricuspid valve, and pulmonary valve. These valves are essential for ensuring a consistent flow of blood throughout the heart and to the rest of the body. They function as gates that open and close to facilitate efficient blood movement in the correct direction, preventing leaks or backflow.”

He further explained, “When heart valves malfunction, they can lead to a variety of serious issues that may worsen if ignored. These issues can include blood leakage (regurgitation), narrowing of the valve opening (stenosis), or valves failing to close properly, resulting in leakage. Such complications can severely impair the heart's functionality, forcing it to work harder and increasing the risk of life-threatening conditions.”

According to Dr Bipeenchandra Bhamre, heart valve diseases involve a range of issues such as mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis and conditions caused by infections like endocarditis. These diseases may be present in some right from birth or might develop in later life due to severe infections, age-related wear and tear, and also certain lifestyle factors.

What causes heart valve diseases?

Dr. Bipeenchandra Bhamre stated, "Heart valve diseases can arise from a multitude of factors, including congenital defects and lifestyle decisions. Regrettably, some children are born with heart valve abnormalities, referred to as congenital birth defects. Conversely, adults may experience these conditions as a result of aging or the gradual deterioration of the heart. Additionally, serious infections can adversely impact heart valves; for instance, endocarditis can lead to inflammation and scarring of the valves, thereby impairing their functionality."

He further stated that with advancing age, calcium deposits may build up on the valves, resulting in significant stiffness. Additionally, health conditions such as hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, and autoimmune disorders can exert pressure on the heart. Individuals who have experienced heart attacks, undergone chest radiation therapy, or suffer from connective tissue disorders or genetic conditions should exercise caution, as these factors can lead to the weakening or damage of the heart valves over time.

Prevention tips

1. Maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle by eating balanced and nutrient-rich foods. Avoid foods that contain excessive salt or unhealthy fats.
2. Stay physically active by engaging in physical activities or exercises to strengthen your heart while improving the blood flow.
3. Recognise and address the infections early on to prevent complications like rheumatic fever.
4. If you are someone who actively smokes, then try quitting. Smoking can damage your blood vessels while increasing the risk of heart valve issues.
5. Avoid excessive alcohol drinking. Too much alcohol can weaken your heart over time.

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