Tobacco use, along with the consumption of caffeine and alcohol, has increasingly become detrimental coping strategies for managing stress. It is crucial to recognize their potential effects on our reproductive health. In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Kaberi Banerjee, an expert in infertility and IVF and the founder of Advance Fertility & Gynecology Centre, stated, “Unhealthy lifestyle choices can interfere with several fertility processes, including hormonal imbalances. It is important to consider how smoking, alcohol, and caffeine can influence reproductive functions, potentially jeopardizing fertility in both men and women.”

Can smoking affect fertility?

Dr. Kaberi Banerjee emphasized the detrimental effects of smoking on reproductive health for both genders. She stated, “Smoking elevates oxidative stress and causes DNA damage in men, which can lead to decreased sperm production, motility, and quality, ultimately diminishing fertility and increasing the risk of erectile dysfunction. In women, smoking may heighten the likelihood of reduced ovarian reserve, disrupt hormonal balance, and adversely affect ovulation, potentially leading to early menopause and a decreased chance of natural conception. Additionally, the toxic substances present in cigarette smoke can harm the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancies.”

How alcohol consumption can affect fertility:

Dr. Kaberi Banerjee stated that alcohol can negatively affect the fertility of both genders, with the effects becoming more pronounced with chronic and excessive intake. For women, heavy alcohol consumption can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and disrupt ovulation, making it more difficult to conceive. In men, alcohol can lower testosterone levels and impair sperm production, with long-term use potentially resulting in testicular shrinkage. She emphasized that while moderate drinking may not cause significant issues, it is crucial to avoid alcohol when trying to conceive.

Caffeine and fertility:

Dr. Kaberi Banerjee stated that excessive caffeine intake can adversely affect fertility in both men and women. While consuming 1 to 2 cups of coffee each day is generally acceptable, exceeding this amount may lead to negative consequences. Specifically, consuming more than 3 to 4 cups can cause hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and decreased likelihood of successful implantation, along with an increased risk of miscarriage. Furthermore, the doctor noted that high caffeine consumption can lower testosterone levels and impair both the quality and motility of sperm in men.

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