Infertility refers to a couple's struggle to get pregnant after a year of having regular, unprotected sex. Male infertility specifically happens when the challenges in conceiving are linked to the male partner.

Factors contributing to male infertility

In a chat with an Lifestyle Magazine, Dr. Vandana Ramanathan, a Consultant in Reproductive Medicine at Garbhagudi IVF Centre, explained, “To diagnose male infertility, we look at medical history, conduct a physical exam, and perform a semen analysis. The semen analysis is particularly important because it assesses sperm count, motility, morphology, and overall quality. This test offers valuable information about possible fertility problems and helps determine the right treatment. Male infertility is frequently associated with issues in these areas, along with hormonal imbalances that can impact sperm production.”

Elements that influence sperm quality

Dr. Vandana Ramanathan points out that various elements can influence both sperm production and its functionality, such as:

• Genetic disorders like Klinefelter syndrome and cystic fibrosis.

• Varicocele is when the veins around the testicles swell, which can hinder sperm production.
• Undescended testicles can cause them to be exposed to more heat, resulting in lower sperm production.
• Injuries to the testicles or twisting (torsion) can interrupt blood flow and disrupt sperm development.
• Certain infections, like mumps, can also negatively affect sperm production.
• Being around toxins and pesticides can harm sperm health.
• Cancer therapies, like chemotherapy and radiation, can impact fertility.
• Spending too much time in hot environments, like hot tubs and saunas, can alter semen quality.

• Lifestyle habits like smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and using drugs.
• Ongoing health issues like diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, and hormonal imbalances.
• Some medications, including antidepressants and anabolic steroids, that can affect sperm production.

Effects of age on male fertility

Dr. Vandana Ramanathan shared that age affects male fertility too. Women usually notice a drop in fertility around 34-35, but for men, sperm quality tends to decline gradually after 45. That said, men can stay fertile longer than women as long as they keep their sperm health in check.

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