As millions of individuals resume their work routines following the holiday season, the United States is facing a concerning increase in respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal infections, a situation that experts have termed the "quad-demic." This term refers to the simultaneous rise of influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and norovirus, often referred to as the stomach flu. Since Christmas, there has been a notable escalation in cases of these viruses, which are persistently circulating throughout the nation.

Flu, RSV, Covid and Norovirus explode after holidays

Recent statistics indicate that norovirus cases have surged to their highest levels since 2012, while hospitalizations due to RSV have risen by nearly 40% within a mere two weeks. As the United States approaches its peak flu season, estimates reveal that approximately 3.1 million individuals have already contracted the flu, resulting in 37,000 hospitalizations and 1,500 fatalities.

Additionally, COVID-19 cases are on the rise, with projections suggesting between 2.5 to 4.4 million infections occurring from October to December, which has led to thousands of hospitalizations and deaths. Experts caution that these numbers are likely to increase in the upcoming weeks, especially as the country enters the height of flu season.

Dr. Joe Bresee, an expert in infectious diseases, stated, “We will probably see increasing amounts [of infections] over the next few weeks.” He noted that flu, RSV, and COVID spread similarly through respiratory droplets when an individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks, whereas norovirus is transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces.

Quadruple threat

The increase in cases can be primarily linked to the heightened interaction among individuals during the holiday season, further exacerbated by travel through public transportation and air travel. Moreover, the immune systems of many Americans have been compromised due to Covid-related lockdowns and prolonged periods of remote work, rendering them more susceptible to severe illnesses.

Influenza, COVID-19, and RSV generally reach their peak in January and early February, although this timing may differ by state. Currently, eight states—Louisiana, Washington, Tennessee, Alabama, California, Idaho, New Mexico, and Mississippi—are reporting significantly elevated levels of flu activity. In response, healthcare systems in Wisconsin, New Jersey, California, Illinois, and Indiana have reinstated mask mandates for both staff and visitors to help control the transmission of these viruses.

Norovirus, commonly known as the stomach flu, has experienced a notable increase in outbreaks, including a recent incident in Los Angeles associated with contaminated raw oysters. Unlike the other three viruses, norovirus is extremely contagious through contact with surfaces that have been contaminated by infected individuals. While influenza, COVID-19, and RSV typically manifest with symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, norovirus primarily leads to gastrointestinal issues, including vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramps.

US hospitals brace for the worst flu season in years

Hospitals nationwide are preparing for an increase in cases in the upcoming weeks, with many institutions encouraging individuals to adopt safety measures, such as wearing masks in crowded environments. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also advises that individuals remain current with vaccinations for influenza, COVID-19, and RSV, particularly for at-risk populations like the elderly. Additionally, maintaining good hygiene practices, including regular handwashing and remaining at home when unwell, is strongly recommended.

As the "quad-demic" progresses, it is evident that the interplay of heightened travel, holiday gatherings, and seasonal illnesses is exerting pressure on the healthcare system in the United States. Experts recommend that individuals remain alert and implement preventive strategies to safeguard their health throughout the winter season.

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