Radiation therapy is among the most prevalent treatments for cancer, utilizing high-energy rays to specifically target and eliminate cancerous cells. Additionally, this form of therapy can be employed to reduce the size of tumours.

The mechanism by which radiation therapy operates involves the destruction of cancer cells or the impairment of their DNA, which ultimately slows their proliferation. However, it is important to note that this process does not yield immediate results; it typically requires several days or weeks of treatment for the DNA damage to reach a level sufficient to induce cell death.

This treatment modality is also referred to as radiotherapy or therapeutic radiology. In a discussion with Dr. Amit Parasnis, Head of the Department and Consultant in Surgical Oncology and Surgery, alongside Dr. Karan Chanchlani, Consultant in Radiation Oncology at Manipal Hospital in Pune's Baner, several lesser-known aspects of radiation therapy in cancer treatment were emphasized:

1. Radiation therapy is effective in tumour reduction.  

A primary objective of radiation therapy is to decrease tumour size, which can alleviate pain and other complications associated with the tumour. As the therapy diminishes the tumour's dimensions, it may lead to a reduction in certain symptoms, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life for the patient.

2. Combining radiation therapy with other treatments

Radiation therapy can be utilized in conjunction with other treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. For instance, radiation therapy may be employed to shrink a tumour prior to its complete excision. The reduction of the tumour facilitates the surgical removal process. The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy enhances the effectiveness of cancer treatment for patients.

3. Radiation treatment is devoid of pain  

The process of radiation treatment is entirely painless. While some side effects may occur, the treatment itself does not induce any discomfort. Potential side effects can include fatigue, skin irritation or redness, and hair loss in the treated area. Nevertheless, these side effects are generally temporary and can be alleviated with basic medications.

4. There is no risk of becoming radioactive  

Patients receiving external radiation therapy will not become radioactive. In contrast, internal radiation therapy may render the body radioactive for a limited duration. This occurs because external radiation therapy employs a machine that delivers radiation from outside the patient's body, preventing it from entering the body. Conversely, internal radiation therapy involves a radiation source that is placed within the body.

5. Radiation therapy targets specific areas

Radiation therapy is typically localized, indicating that it specifically targets the area of the body impacted by the disease. This focused approach aids in safeguarding the surrounding healthy tissues from damage. For instance, in the case of a patient diagnosed with lung cancer, the radiation is directed solely at the chest rather than the whole body.

Radiation therapy continues to be a crucial component of cancer treatment, propelled by ongoing advancements that enhance accuracy, effectiveness, and patient results. Recognizing these often-overlooked elements highlights the intricate nature of this therapy and its essential contribution to holistic cancer care.

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