In a remarkable astronomical occurrence, the commencement of Ramadan (alternatively spelt Ramzan/Ramzaan/Ramazan) in 2025 will coincide exactly with March 1. This event signifies a rare convergence between the Hijri, or Islamic lunar calendar, and the Gregorian calendar. Such an alignment is a phenomenon that transpires only once every 33 years. Eng. Majed Abu Zahra, President of the Jeddah Astronomical Society, highlights that this unique synchronization exemplifies the complex relationship between lunar and solar cycles.

Lunar and solar calendars

Lunar and solar calendars differ significantly; the Gregorian calendar is based on the Earth's orbit around the sun, comprising 365 days (or 366 in a leap year). In contrast, the Hijri calendar relies on the lunar phases. Each month in the Hijri calendar commences with the sighting of the crescent moon, resulting in an Islamic year that is 10 to 12 days shorter than the solar year.

Consequently, the months of the Hijri calendar gradually progress through the seasons, completing a full cycle approximately every 30 years. This ongoing shift means that the beginning of Ramadan—a revered month of fasting, prayer, and reflection for Muslims globally—typically occurs on varying dates in the Gregorian calendar each year.

Nevertheless, in 2025, an extraordinary astronomical alignment will ensure that the first day of Ramadan coincides perfectly with March 1.

The beauty of astronomical precision

Abu Zahra notes that this infrequent occurrence emphasizes the extraordinary mathematical accuracy in the movements of both the moon and the Earth. He elaborated, stating, “Such synchronization is rare, yet it reappears in a similar manner approximately every 33 years, though in varying months.”

This celestial alignment serves as a captivating reminder that time is not a fixed entity but rather a dynamic concept influenced by the natural cycles of the universe. It also highlights how various calendar systems, despite their distinct characteristics, are fundamentally based on the same astronomical principles.

In Saudi Arabia, Muslims will prepare to observe the crescent moon marking the beginning of Ramadan on the evening of Friday, February 28, 2025, which corresponds to 29 Sha'ban 1446 AH in the Islamic calendar. While the moon sighting committee in Saudi Arabia typically monitors the moon in the days leading up to Ramadan, individuals are encouraged to personally sight the moon using binoculars or other means.

Should the crescent moon of Ramadan be sighted on Friday evening, the Taraweeh prayers will commence that night, and fasting will begin on Saturday, March 1, 2025. Conversely, if the crescent is not observed after the Maghrib prayers on Friday, Ramadan will commence on Sunday, March 2, 2025, in the Kingdom.

Individuals in the Kingdom who observe the Ramadan crescent moon, whether with the naked eye or through binoculars, are urged to report their sightings to the nearest court and document their testimony. Alternatively, those who see the crescent can reach out to the nearest centre, which will assist them in contacting the appropriate court to record their observation.

A moment of reflection

This rare alignment transcends mere scientific interest, embodying a profound, almost poetic meaning. It serves as a reminder of the fluidity of time and its interconnectedness, mirroring the cycles inherent in life. For individuals observing Ramadan, this exceptional event presents a chance to contemplate not only spiritual rejuvenation but also the marvels of the universe that influence our everyday existence.

Thus, as March 1, 2025, coincides with the first day of Ramadan 1446, it is worthwhile to pause and recognize this remarkable convergence of time and tradition—an occurrence that will not be replicated for another 33 years.

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