Dogs are often regarded as humanity's closest companions. These charming and affectionate animals possess an innate ability to captivate hearts with their enchanting eyes and joyful tails. Many dog enthusiasts find their behaviour endearing. They are known for their unwavering loyalty and the sense of protection they offer. However, not everyone views dogs as symbols of safety.

For some individuals, the mere sight of a dog can evoke profound anxiety and fear. This condition is known as cynophobia, which is characterized by an irrational fear of dogs. It is important to note that cynophobia is often misinterpreted as simply disliking dogs, but it is a far more serious issue that can significantly affect one’s daily life in severe instances.

In a discussion with HT, Dr. Arti Anand, a Senior Consultant in Psychiatry at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, provided further insights into cynophobia and its underlying causes.

Understanding cynophobia-fear of dogs

Cynophobia is akin to other phobias, such as arachnophobia, which pertains to a fear of spiders; however, this particular phobia is centred around dogs. The response to the presence of a dog can be so overwhelming that it may lead to a severe panic reaction. It is essential to delve deeper into the nature of this condition.

Dr. Arti Anand elaborated, “Cynophobia is characterized by an irrational and intense fear of dogs. Individuals suffering from this anxiety disorder experience significant distress when they think about, see, or come into contact with a dog. Symptoms associated with cynophobia may include crying, screaming, sensations of choking, dizziness, dry mouth, excessive sweating, heart palpitations, and even chest pain. In some instances, individuals may experience full-blown panic attacks triggered by the sound of a dog barking or the sight of a dog nearby. In extreme cases, individuals may avoid leaving their homes altogether, isolating themselves due to the fear of encountering a dog. This condition reflects an exaggerated fear of situations or events that are unlikely to cause actual harm, often involving scenarios that are, in reality, harmless. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia disorder under the DSM-TR.”

Reasons for fear of dog

Fear can arise unexpectedly, and it is often rooted in profound psychological factors. For individuals afflicted with cynophobia, this condition transcends mere discomfort; it represents a multifaceted emotional reaction that may be associated with previous traumatic experiences.

Dr. Anand elaborated on the underlying causes, stating, “Cynophobia can stem from fear instigated by adverse interactions with dogs, hereditary influences, and environmental conditions. A person may develop cynophobia following a distressing incident involving a dog, such as being chased or threatened or witnessing others being pursued or bitten. Such traumatic experiences can trigger the resurgence of frightening memories whenever they encounter or contemplate a dog.”

Behaviour of dogs

A method to address this fear involves comprehending canine behaviour. Acquiring knowledge about how dogs convey their emotions through body language can serve as a reality check for individuals suffering from cynophobia.

By understanding the ways in which dogs communicate through their movements, vocalizations, and facial expressions, individuals can more effectively differentiate between friendly signals and possible dangers. This understanding can also alleviate any existing fears.

In a discussion with HT, Dr Deepak Saraswat, Head Veterinarian at Zigly, highlighted both positive and aggressive behaviors in dogs that one should be aware of.

Positive behaviours

Happy and relaxed dogs often display open and friendly body language. Key signs include:

• Tail wagging: A loose, sweeping motion (not stiff or rapid.)
• Relaxed posture: No tension in the body, with a calm and approachable demeanour.
• Soft eyes: Squinting or blinking softly, without direct or intense staring.
• Friendly gestures: Coming forward with ears slightly back, and an open mouth resembling a “smile.”

Dr Saraswat emphasized that it’s crucial to approach slowly and let the dog come to you, rather than rushing toward them.

Aggressive behaviours

• Rigid body posture: Muscles tensed, standing stiffly.
• Ears pinned back or forward: Depending on the breed, both indicate heightened alertness or aggression.
• Bared teeth: Lips pulled back, growling or snarling.
• Direct staring: Intense, unblinking eye contact.
• Raised hackles: Fur along the back standing upright.
• Tail position: Either high and stiff or low and tucked, depending on the type of aggression (offensive or defensive.)

Dr Saraswat advised that in such situations, it’s important to avoid making direct eye contact or sudden movements.

How to approach dogs

What may seem easy for others, may be a huge daunting task who are scared of dogs, regardless of how much they love dogs. Dr Saraswat shared a detailed guide on how to approach dogs. It's easy and the step-by-step guide is helpful.

• Observe their body language: Only approach if the dog looks relaxed.
• Approach slowly and sideways: Avoid walking straight toward them, as this can feel intimidating.
• Extend your hand gently: Allow the dog to sniff your hand before making any contact.
• Avoid sudden movements: Speak in a calm, soothing tone
• First contact: A gentle scratch under the chin or on the chest is better than a head rub, which some dogs may perceive as a threat.
• Offering treats: Using biscuits or food as an icebreaker can help, but avoid placing your hand too close to the dog’s mouth initially. Tossing the treat near them can build trust.

What to do in case of an emergency

A particularly distressing scenario for individuals suffering from cynophobia occurs when dogs exhibit aggressive behaviour, bark loudly, or, in severe cases, pursue with the intent to bite or attack. For those already plagued by a fear of dogs, such encounters can escalate into full-blown panic attacks.

What measures can be taken in such situations?

Let us consider the insights provided by both a psychiatrist and a veterinarian.

Dr. Anand advised, “When confronted by a barking or chasing dog, it is essential to remain calm. Avoid running and do not make direct eye contact with the animal. Instead, focus on deep breathing and gradually walk away. Retreating slowly is crucial, as dogs may chase individuals to intimidate them; by remaining calm and backing away, the dog is likely to lose interest and retreat as well.”

Additionally, she suggested that individuals experiencing an extreme fear of dogs might benefit from exposure therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy under the guidance of a clinical psychologist.

Dr. Saraswat, the veterinarian, emphasized the importance of using commands to manage a dog's behaviour. He outlined several steps to follow in the event of a serious emergency.

• Do not run: Running may trigger the dog’s prey drive, making them more likely to chase.
• Avoid eye contact: Direct staring can be perceived as a challenge or threat.
• Stand still: Adopt a neutral posture by standing sideways to the dog. Keep your arms crossed or at your sides to avoid seeming confrontational.
• Use a firm voice: Speak in a calm, assertive tone, saying commands like “No” or “Stop.”
• Calm gestures: Slowly back away without sudden movements, ensuring you don’t turn your back completely.
• De-escalate: If possible, toss an object or treat to distract the dog while creating distance.
• Seek help: If the situation escalates, call for assistance immediately.

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