The India Meteorological Department has forecasted heatwave conditions for the northern interior regions of Karnataka until March 20. Bengaluru is also facing increasingly hot days, with temperatures reaching unprecedented levels in recent years, leading to a heightened demand for cooling devices. When deciding between air coolers and air conditioners in the current heat of Bengaluru, it is crucial to consider the implications for your health. Additionally, it is important to note that air conditioners can pose a risk of heatstroke. Here are some guidelines to follow.

Medical professionals indicate that air coolers introduce moisture into the air, which can be advantageous in arid climates. Conversely, in humid environments, air conditioners are more effective at eliminating excess moisture. In a discussion with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Nikhil Modi, a senior consultant in respiratory and critical care at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, mentioned that while air coolers can serve as a viable alternative to air conditioners, they should be used judiciously from a health standpoint, particularly considering Bengaluru's climate.

Cons of air coolers

Dr. Modi explained, “Coolers function by adding moisture to the air, which may be beneficial in dry conditions but can be problematic in humid areas. Elevated humidity levels can foster an environment conducive to mold, dust mites, and bacteria, potentially triggering allergies, asthma, and other respiratory ailments. Individuals with existing lung conditions, such as chronic bronchitis or asthma, should exercise particular caution, as excessive moisture may exacerbate their symptoms. Furthermore, stagnant water in coolers can become a breeding ground for bacteria, heightening the risk of respiratory infections.”

Air cooler vs air conditioners: An overview

Dr. Jayanta Thakuria, the director of internal medicine and rheumatology at Yatharth Super Speciality Hospitals in Faridabad, emphasized that both air coolers and air conditioners have unique health effects, and their appropriateness varies based on individual health conditions. He noted that air coolers are typically viewed as a healthier choice since they bring fresh air into the environment, while air conditioners recirculate the same air, which may contribute to stagnation and the transmission of airborne illnesses.

He stated, “Air coolers are generally a healthier alternative for individuals without respiratory issues, as they offer fresh, natural cooling without the recirculation of stale air. However, the added moisture can worsen respiratory problems in humid conditions, potentially leading to congestion, sinusitis, or a higher risk of fungal infections.”

He further explained, “On the other hand, air conditioners effectively manage temperature and humidity, which can be advantageous for those with asthma or allergies by filtering out harmful pollutants. Nevertheless, extended use of air conditioning without adequate humidity control may result in dry eyes, skin irritation, and sinus complications.”

But what's more effective in Bengaluru?

It is important to recognize that air coolers may not perform optimally in extremely humid or hot environments, such as the current conditions in Bengaluru. In these situations, air conditioners may prove to be a more suitable choice. Additionally, air coolers are considered a more environmentally friendly alternative, as they do not release chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) like air conditioners. To maximize the effectiveness of air coolers in Bengaluru's climate, certain precautions can be taken.

Health precautions to take

To reduce health risks, Dr. Modi emphasized the importance of regularly cleaning cooling pads, water tanks, and fans. He noted, “It is crucial to ensure proper ventilation to avoid excessive dampness. While air conditioners can provide drier air, which may be beneficial for individuals with respiratory issues, they can also lead to dryness in the airways and skin irritation. Therefore, both cooling methods have their advantages and disadvantages, and their use should be customized according to personal health needs and environmental factors.”

Dr. Jayanta Thakuria added, “From a health standpoint, individuals using coolers should focus on hygiene by routinely cleaning water tanks and pads, while those using air conditioners must keep air filters clean to prevent the buildup of dust and microbes. Ultimately, the decision should be influenced by climatic conditions and individual health considerations.”

What's the conclusion?

Considering the current weather in Bengaluru, air conditioners may be more suitable for:

⦿ Individuals with respiratory conditions or allergies

⦿ Those requiring quick relief from heat-related ailments

⦿ Environments with high humidity

Conversely, air coolers may be preferable for:

⦿ Budget-conscious individuals or those seeking an eco-friendly alternative

⦿ Spaces with low humidity levels

⦿ People who favor a more natural cooling approach

In the end, the decision between air coolers and air conditioners should be based on your specific needs and health considerations. If you are uncertain, it is advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional or an indoor air quality expert.

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