Solid-state batteries have long been regarded as a groundbreaking advancement in electric vehicle (EV) technology, offering enhanced safety features and superior energy densities compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical application has largely been confined to research environments until recently. Mercedes-Benz has made significant progress by conducting road tests on a modified EQS equipped with a lithium-metal solid-state battery.

The development and patenting of the battery pack were carried out by Mercedes-Benz in partnership with Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains (HPP), while the battery cells were created by Factorial Energy, utilizing an innovative floating cell carrier. In contrast to conventional lithium-ion batteries that rely on liquid electrolytes, this new battery employs a polymer electrolyte.

Mercedes has indicated that during the charging cycle, the battery material undergoes expansion and contraction as it discharges. To accommodate these volume changes, pneumatic actuators have been integrated into the system, thereby enhancing performance and extending the battery's lifespan.

Increased efficiency and energy density

Enhanced efficiency and energy density represent another significant advantage of solid-state batteries. They possess the potential for exceptionally high energy density, which could markedly improve a vehicle's efficiency when integrated. According to Mercedes, this technology can achieve a gravimetric energy density of up to 450 Wh/kg.

For instance, the EQS prototype could potentially attain a range exceeding 1,000 km on a single charge, reflecting a 25 percent increase in range compared to existing lithium-ion batteries of similar size and weight. In comparison, the currently operational EQS 450+ offers a range of over 800 km on the WLTP cycle, powered by a 118 kWh lithium-ion battery.

Moving towards real-world application

Mercedes is set to commence prototype testing in the upcoming months. Siyu Huang, CEO of Factorial Energy, remarked that this milestone represents a significant advancement in the electric vehicle sector, as the successful integration of lithium-metal solid-state batteries into a mass-production vehicle marks a pivotal moment for the industry. Markus Schäfer, Chief Technology Officer of Mercedes-Benz, echoed this perspective, emphasizing the company's commitment to innovation, sustainability, and motivation.

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