Halogen headlights are the most traditional and commonly found in cars. They work similarly to standard incandescent bulbs by heating a filament, which then produces light. The advantage of this bulb is that they are affordable and easy to replace, widely available and inexpensive parts. However the limitations of these bulbs include lower brightness compared to other types of bulbs, a shorter lifespan and high energy consumption and yellowish light, which isn't as efficient at illuminating the road.

Xenon, or HID (High-Intensity Discharge) headlights, produce light by creating an electric arc between electrodes. These bulbs are filled with xenon gas, making them much brighter than halogen lights. They produce a very bright and clear white light, ideal for night drives and are more energy-efficient than halogen. These bulbs also last longer than halogens but cost a bomb to replace. This kind of light can also blind oncoming traffic if the beam is not adjusted properly. Xenon lamps also take a little while to reach full brightness after being turned on and require a separate ballast to operate.

LED headlights use a series of small, bright LEDs. They are increasingly popular because of their long lifespan, brightness and energy efficiency. These bulbs sometimes even last longer than the vehicle itself. However good quality LED bulbs have a higher upfront cost and are sensitive to heat requiring cooling components. These setups are also more complex to replace than halogen lights if in-built into the headlamp housing.

Projector headlights don’t describe a specific type of bulb but a design style. These refer to a lens which focuses and directs the beam, ensuring the beam goes precisely where it’s required. Projector lights can house halogen, LED, or xenon bulbs. It allows manufacturers to reduce the glare for oncoming traffic and subsequently also comply with traffic norms. However, the limitations of these bulbs include them being more complex and costly than standard reflector housings. Replacing projector lenses can sometimes be more challenging as well.

Matrix headlights are the most modern LED systems divided into multiple segments that can turn on or off independently. This allows the beam to be dynamically shaped. Sensors detect other cars and automatically adjust the beams to prevent glare for other drivers while illuminating the rest of the areas adequately. These setups lead to improved safety with intelligent light distribution. These setups are mostly only seen on high-end cars and are very expensive to produce. Servicing this system is also just as complex and requires a set of trained engineers.